Philosopher Nietzsche believed that the universe has no objective purpose. He introduced the concept of the Last Man to explain how individuals reconcile with the meaningless world. Individuals are tired of life, and therefore prioritise peace, comfort and security above all else.

Nietzsche proposed the antithesis to the Last Man, which is the Übermensch as the ideal for humanity to strive towards. Under this concept, humans actively strive to forge their own values and meaning in a world without inherent truth, actively embracing challenges in life and rejecting herd mentality.

For the purposes of this debate, shame refers to the negative feelings and thoughts experienced when one perceives that they have violated social, cultural, and/or personal expectations.

Vertical integration refers to a company’s strategy of owning and controlling multiple stages of its production or supply chain, starting up for example, the production of its own batteries, chips, and software rather than outsourcing them. Horizontal expansion refers to a company’s strategy of scaling outward by increasing its market presence and brand competitiveness. This typically involves focusing on product design, user experience, partnerships, or acquisitions of other firms at the same level of the supply chain, while relying on external suppliers for components.

The "natural look" refers to aesthetic srandards that promote minimal makeup, unaltered physical features, or effortless beauty. In many cultures, and media, it is glorified as more "authentic", "pure", or morally superior compared to cosmetic enhancement or visibly artificial apperances. 

For the purposes of this debate, mental health diagnoses refer to both diagnoses of developmental conditions (e.g. autism, ADHD) as well as mental illnesses (e.g. depression, anxiety).

University debating unions often invite prominent individuals to the Union to speak at the Union or to debate with members of the Union and university staff members. These talks and debates are publicised online and are open to everyone.&nbsp;<div><br></div><div>In 2025, Charlie Kirk, a right-wing populist media personality and political activist was invited by the Cambridge Union.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Previously in recent years, several right-wing individuals have also been invited, such as Steve Bannon, Ben Shapiro, Candace Owens, and Marine Le Pen.&nbsp;</div>

For the purposes of the debate, transactionality refers to a personal relationship characterised by the exchange of benefits, with a person expecting something in return for what they give

In July 2025, Texan Republicans proposed an unusual mid-cycle redistricting process, putting forward a set of borders which would make them heavily favoured to win 30 of the state’s 38 seats in the United States House of Representatives, five more than they hold now. States are usually only redistricted every 10 years after a census, with the most recent redistricting having happened in 2020. 

Currently, this Texas redistricting bill has just passed the state senate, and will soon move to the state house. In retaliation, some Democratic states, such as Gavin Newsom the Democratic governor of California, have threatened to similarly redistrict Democratic states in the Democrats' favour.

In Chiikawa, a drinking license is mandatorily required to consume alcohol. To obtain a drinking license, an exam is required to be taken. Only those who passes the exam can possess a license. The exams are notoriously difficult.